Substance use disorders may also co-exist with mental illnesses, including depression and bipolar disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as psychotic illness, antisocial personality disorder and borderline personality disorder. People with schizophrenia, as data suggests, may co-occur with tobacco, alcohol, and drug use disorders. Overall, there is a significant overlap between mental health problems and substance use disorders, representing a vicious cycle between mental health and substance abuse problems. Cause and Effect While the absolute contributing factors for co-morbid addiction and mental health disorders are unknown, people living with mental health issues tend to self-medicate using alcohol or drugs, which ultimately leads to dependence and then addiction. Children and adolescents battling psychiatric problems such as ADHD, conduct disorders, and learning disabilities are more likely to abuse drugs than other youth. Conversely, as the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) suggests, drug abuse early in life is associated with increased risk of psychiatric disorders or accelerates their progression. People with co-occurring disorders are vulnerable to severe and chronic medical, emotional and social problems. Since they have two disorders, there are higher chances of relapse and aggravation of psychiatric symptoms. People struggling with dual disorders are also vulnerable to challenges including symptomatic relapses, frequent hospitalizations, social isolation, sexual and physical victimization, relationship problems, performance issues, and of course, financial problems. Article
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